Substance use and addiction
Addiction to alcohol, drugs or other substances changes the way the brain works. The first step is a conversation in which no one judges you.
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What addiction means
Addiction is a condition in which the use of a substance (alcohol, medicines, drugs) gradually slips out of control and continues despite the negative consequences. It is a health problem, unrelated to character or moral values.
Over time, repeated use alters the brain circuits linked to reward, motivation and self-control. This is why “willpower alone” is rarely enough, and why stopping is so hard to sustain on your own. Understanding addiction moves the conversation from guilt to treatment.
Addiction can be treated, and help can start at any point, without waiting to “hit rock bottom”.
Signs and symptoms
Addiction looks different from one person to another, but a few patterns recur. You may have noticed:
In your relationship with the substance
- the need for ever larger amounts for the same effect
- difficulty stopping or cutting down, even though you intended to
- using takes up a lot of your time and energy
- feeling unwell, restless or having other symptoms when you cut down or stop
In everyday life
- use continues despite the problems it creates: at work, in relationships, with money, with your health
- gradually giving up activities or relationships that used to matter
- using the substance to cope with stress, anxiety, sadness or insomnia
Emotionally
- guilt, shame, repeated attempts to hide or minimise your use
- promises made to yourself that you cannot keep
- the feeling of being trapped in a cycle with no way out in sight
It is rarely “just about the substance”
For a great many people, substance use is intertwined with another form of suffering. For a while, the substance brings relief from anxiety, depression, an unhealed trauma, insomnia or pain that is hard to bear. Over time, however, it adds a new problem on top of the old one, and the two feed each other.
That is why treatment has a better chance when it also addresses what lies behind the use.
When to see a specialist
A conversation is worthwhile if:
- you feel you no longer have the control you thought you had over your use
- people close to you have expressed concern
- you find yourself thinking more and more often “maybe I should do something about this”
Many people manage to change their relationship with alcohol or other substances, and the road is easier with a specialist who understands you.
Important: certain forms of withdrawal (especially from alcohol and some medicines) can be medically dangerous, so do not try to manage them alone. If severe symptoms appear when you stop using, or in any emergency, call 112.
See also: AI: the catalyst for technology addiction
The first step
If you recognise yourself in what you’ve read, book a conversation with one of our specialists. Together, we’ll look at what’s going on and what your options are.
Services: Psychiatry · Psychotherapy · Counselling
See our team and pricing.
This information is for educational purposes and does not replace a specialist consultation.